Thermodynamics
104 flashcards by MentisLibrary
The laws of thermodynamics, ideal and real gases, heat capacities, entropy and free energies, Maxwell relations, engine cycles, heat transfer, radiation laws, kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, with each formula's symbols spelled out. For college physics, chemistry and engineering students.
- What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
- ΔU = Q - W
- What does the symbol ΔU represent in thermodynamics?
- Change in internal energy
- What is the formula for work done by a gas at constant pressure?
- W = PΔV
- What is the ideal gas law equation?
- PV = nRT
- What is the value of the universal gas constant R?
- 8.314 J/(mol·K)
- What is the formula for heat capacity at constant volume?
- Cv = (∂U/∂T)v
- What is the formula for heat capacity at constant pressure?
- Cp = (∂H/∂T)p
- What is the relationship between Cp and Cv?
- Cp = Cv + nR
- What is the heat capacity ratio γ?
- γ = Cp/Cv
- What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics (entropy form)?
- ΔS ≥ Q/T
- What is the definition of entropy change?
- ΔS = ∫(δQ/T)
- What is the Carnot efficiency formula?
- η = 1 - (Tc/Th)
- What is the general formula for thermal efficiency?
- η = W/Qh = 1 - (Qc/Qh)
- What is the coefficient of performance for a refrigerator?
- COP = Qc/W
- What is the coefficient of performance for a heat pump?
- COP = Qh/W
- What is the formula for enthalpy?
- H = U + PV
- What is the change in enthalpy formula?
- ΔH = ΔU + Δ(PV)
- What is the formula for work in an isothermal process?
- W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi)
- What is the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?
- ln(P2/P1) = -(ΔHvap/R)(1/T2 - 1/T1)
- What is the formula for heat transfer?
- Q = mcΔT
- What is the Stefan-Boltzmann law?
- P = σAT⁴
- What is the formula for thermal conductivity?
- P = kA(ΔT/L)
- What is the equation for adiabatic process (PV relation)?
- PVγ = constant
- What is the equation for adiabatic process (TV relation)?
- TVγ⁻¹ = constant
- What is the equation for adiabatic process (TP relation)?
- TPᶜ⁰ⁿˢᵗᵃⁿᵗ where constant = (1-γ)/γ
- What is the Maxwell relation from Helmholtz free energy?
- (∂S/∂V)T = (∂P/∂T)V
- What is the Maxwell relation from Gibbs free energy?
- (∂S/∂P)T = -(∂V/∂T)P
- What is the Helmholtz free energy?
- F = U - TS
- What is the Gibbs free energy?
- G = H - TS
- What is the change in Gibbs free energy formula?
- ΔG = ΔH - TΔS