Aviation Ground School

99 flashcards by MentisLibrary

Airspace classes and VFR minimums, weather, instruments, aerodynamics, navigation, and the regulations a private pilot has to know cold. Each card cites the CFR section or AIM paragraph behind the rule.

What are the vertical limits of Class A airspace?
From 18,000 feet MSL up to and including flight level 600
What is required to enter Class B airspace?
A specific ATC clearance, meaning the controller must say the words cleared into the Class Bravo
What equipment and communication are required for Class C airspace?
Two-way radio communication established with ATC before entry, plus a Mode C transponder and ADS-B Out
What are the typical dimensions of Class C airspace?
An inner core of 5 nautical mile radius from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport, and a shelf of 10 nautical mile radius from 1,200 to 4,000 feet AGL
What is required to operate in Class D airspace?
Two-way radio communication established with the control tower before entering
What is Class E airspace?
All controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C, or D
What is Class G airspace?
Uncontrolled airspace where ATC has no authority or responsibility to control air traffic
What are the VFR weather minimums in Class B airspace?
Three statute miles visibility and remain clear of clouds
What are the VFR weather minimums in Class C, D, and E airspace below 10,000 feet MSL?
Three statute miles visibility, and cloud clearances of 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontal
What are the VFR weather minimums in Class E airspace at or above 10,000 feet MSL?
Five statute miles visibility, and cloud clearances of 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and one statute mile horizontal
What are the daytime VFR minimums in Class G airspace at or below 1,200 feet AGL?
One statute mile visibility and remain clear of clouds
What are the basic VFR minimums for takeoff, landing, or entering a traffic pattern at an airport in Class B, C, D, or E surface airspace?
A ceiling of at least 1,000 feet and ground visibility of at least three statute miles
What are the VFR cruising altitudes above 3,000 feet AGL?
On a magnetic course of 0 to 179 degrees, odd thousands plus 500 feet; on 180 to 359 degrees, even thousands plus 500 feet
Where is a Mode C transponder required?
In Class A, B, and C airspace, within the 30 nautical mile Mode C veil around a Class B primary airport, above the ceiling of Class B or C airspace, and at and above 10,000 feet MSL excluding at and below 2,500 feet AGL
When must the pilot use supplemental oxygen?
Above 12,500 feet MSL cabin altitude for any flight segment longer than 30 minutes, continuously above 14,000 feet MSL, and oxygen must be provided to passengers above 15,000 feet MSL
What fuel reserves does VFR flight require?
Enough to fly to the first point of intended landing plus 30 minutes at normal cruise by day, or 45 minutes at night
What is the alcohol rule for pilots?
No flying within 8 hours of consuming alcohol, while under the influence, or with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 percent or greater
How often is a flight review required?
Within the preceding 24 calendar months, consisting of at least one hour of ground training and one hour of flight training with an authorized instructor
What is required to carry passengers by day?
Three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days in the same category, class, and type if a type rating is required
How long is a third class medical certificate valid?
60 calendar months for a pilot under age 40 at the time of the exam, and 24 calendar months for a pilot who was 40 or older
What inspections does an aircraft need for private flight?
An annual inspection every 12 calendar months, plus a 100-hour inspection if carrying persons for hire or providing flight instruction for hire in a provided aircraft
Which inspections are required every 24 calendar months?
The transponder test and inspection, and for IFR flight the altimeter and static pressure system test
When must ELT batteries be replaced or recharged?
After one cumulative hour of use, or when 50 percent of their useful life has expired
What is the right of way order among aircraft?
An aircraft in distress has the right of way over all others, then balloons, gliders, airships, and finally airplanes and rotorcraft
What are the right of way rules for converging, head-on, and overtaking aircraft?
When converging, the aircraft on the right has the right of way; head-on, both turn right; when overtaking, the aircraft being overtaken has the right of way and the passing aircraft alters course to the right
When must position lights be on?
From sunset to sunrise, and in Alaska during the period a prominent unlighted object cannot be seen from three statute miles
What is the maximum indicated airspeed below 10,000 feet MSL?
250 knots, and 200 knots in the airspace underlying Class B or in a VFR corridor through Class B
What minimum altitudes apply to flight over congested and other areas?
Over congested areas, 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a 2,000 foot horizontal radius; elsewhere, 500 feet above the surface, and over open water or sparsely populated areas, 500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure
What are the four forces acting on an aircraft in flight?
Lift, weight, thrust, and drag
What is angle of attack?
The angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind