First Aid Essentials
100 flashcards by MentisLibrary
The responses worth knowing before you need them: CPR, choking, bleeding, burns, allergic reactions, sprains, and shock. Clear steps for the first few minutes of an emergency.
- What is the first thing to do at any emergency scene?
- Check that the scene is safe for you before approaching
- How do you check if a collapsed person is responsive?
- Tap their shoulders firmly and shout, are you okay
- What are the steps of hands only CPR?
- Call 911, then push hard and fast on the center of the chest until help arrives
- What is the correct chest compression rate?
- 100 to 120 compressions per minute
- How deep should chest compressions be on an adult?
- At least 2 inches, on the lower half of the breastbone
- When should an AED be used?
- As soon as one is available for any unresponsive person who is not breathing normally
- What is the universal sign of choking?
- Hands clutched to the throat, unable to speak, cough, or breathe
- How do you help a choking adult?
- Give abdominal thrusts: fist above the navel, grasp with the other hand, pull sharply inward and upward
- How do you help a choking infant under 1 year?
- Alternate 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades with 5 chest thrusts using two fingers
- How do you stop severe bleeding?
- Apply firm direct pressure on the wound with a cloth or dressing and do not let go
- When is a tourniquet appropriate?
- For life threatening limb bleeding that direct pressure cannot control
- How do you treat a nosebleed?
- Sit upright, lean forward, and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes without peeking
- How do you treat a minor burn?
- Cool it under cool running water for 10 to 20 minutes, then cover loosely with a sterile nonstick dressing
- When does a burn need professional medical care?
- If it is larger than the person's palm, involves the face, hands, feet, genitals, or a joint, or is deep or charred
- How do you treat a chemical burn?
- Brush off dry chemical, then flush the area with running water for at least 20 minutes
- What does RICE stand for in treating sprains?
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- What are signs a bone may be fractured?
- Deformity, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight or use the limb, and pain on any movement
- What are the signs of shock?
- Pale cool clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, rapid breathing, confusion, and thirst
- What does the FAST test check for?
- Stroke signs: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911
- What are common heart attack warning signs?
- Chest pressure or pain, pain spreading to the arm, jaw, or back, shortness of breath, nausea, and cold sweat
- How do you help someone having a seizure?
- Clear hard objects away, cushion the head, time the seizure, and roll them to their side once movement stops
- How do you help someone who feels faint?
- Have them lie down and raise their legs, or sit with head between knees
- What are signs of hypothermia?
- Shivering, slurred speech, clumsiness, drowsiness, and confusion, with shivering stopping as it worsens
- What are signs of frostbite and how is it treated?
- Numb, waxy, pale or grayish skin; rewarm gently in warm (not hot) water around 100 to 105 F
- What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
- Heat exhaustion: heavy sweating, weakness, nausea. Heat stroke: hot skin, confusion, possible collapse, a 911 emergency
- What are signs of dehydration?
- Thirst, dark urine, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, and fatigue
- What should you do for suspected poisoning?
- Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 with the product container in hand
- What should you do for a venomous snake bite?
- Keep the person calm and still, keep the bite below heart level, remove tight items, and get to a hospital
- How do you remove a bee stinger?
- Scrape it out sideways with a card or fingernail as quickly as possible
- What is anaphylaxis and how is it treated?
- A severe whole body allergic reaction: use an epinephrine auto injector immediately and call 911