Laravel Framework

Question 1

What is Laravel?

Accepted Answer

A PHP web framework built on Symfony components that ships with routing, the Eloquent ORM, the Blade template engine, queues, authorization and a command line tool called Artisan.

Question 2

What does php artisan do?

Accepted Answer

It is Laravel's command line entry point: it generates classes, runs migrations, clears caches, starts queue workers and opens a REPL.

Question 3

Where does application configuration live?

Accepted Answer

In PHP files under config/ that return arrays. Each value normally reads an environment variable from .env through the env() helper.

Question 4

What is APP_KEY used for?

Accepted Answer

A random 32-byte key stored in .env that Laravel uses to encrypt cookies, session payloads and anything passed through the encrypter.

Question 5

What is Laravel's service container?

Accepted Answer

The dependency injection container. It resolves a class and its constructor dependencies automatically, and holds bindings that map an interface to a concrete implementation.

Question 6

What is a service provider?

Accepted Answer

A class with a register() method for container bindings and a boot() method for work that runs once every provider is registered, such as view composers, macros and policies.

Question 7

What is a facade?

Accepted Answer

A static-looking proxy that resolves an object from the service container and forwards the call to it, so Cache::get() really calls get() on the resolved cache instance.

Question 8

What does php artisan storage:link do?

Accepted Answer

Creates a symbolic link from public/storage to storage/app/public so files written to the public disk can be served over HTTP.

Question 9

Which caches should a production deploy rebuild?

Accepted Answer

Config, routes, events and views. config:cache, route:cache, event:cache and view:cache compile each of them into a single fast file.

Question 10

What belongs in app/, routes/, resources/ and public/?

Accepted Answer

app/ holds application classes such as models, controllers and jobs; routes/ the route files; resources/ Blade views and uncompiled assets; public/ the document root and built assets.

Question 11

routes/web.php vs routes/api.php

Accepted Answer

Both register routes, but web routes get session state, cookies and CSRF protection, while API routes are stateless and served under an /api prefix.

Question 12

How do you declare a route parameter?

Accepted Answer

Wrap the URL segment in braces. The captured values are passed to the handler in the order they appear in the path.

Question 13

What is a named route?

Accepted Answer

A route labelled with ->name(), so URLs are generated from the name instead of being written out by hand.

Question 14

What is route model binding?

Accepted Answer

Type-hinting an Eloquent model in the handler makes Laravel look the record up by the route parameter and inject it, returning a 404 when nothing matches.

Question 15

How do you bind a route to a column other than the primary key?

Accepted Answer

Name the column in the route as {post:slug}, or override getRouteKeyName() on the model so every binding uses it.

Question 16

What does a route group do?

Accepted Answer

Applies shared attributes to every route inside it: middleware, a URL prefix, a route-name prefix, or a controller.

Question 17

What does Route::resource register?

Accepted Answer

The seven conventional CRUD routes for a controller in one call: index, create, store, show, edit, update and destroy.

Question 18

How do you inspect every registered route?

Accepted Answer

php artisan route:list prints each route with its method, URI, name, action and middleware, in registration order.

Question 19

How is middleware attached to a route?

Accepted Answer

With ->middleware() on a single route or on a group. Middleware runs before the handler and may short-circuit the request.

Question 20

How do you rate limit a route?

Accepted Answer

Apply the throttle middleware with a maximum and a window in minutes, or define a named limiter and reference it by name.

Question 21

How do you create a controller?

Accepted Answer

With the make:controller generator, optionally asking for the resource methods or an API variant.

Question 22

What is a single action controller?

Accepted Answer

A controller with one public method named __invoke, referenced in a route by class name alone.

Question 23

How does a controller read request input?

Accepted Answer

Type-hint Illuminate\Http\Request and use input(), query(), boolean() or file(); missing keys return null or a default.

Question 24

How do you return JSON from a controller?

Accepted Answer

Return an array, a model or a collection and Laravel serializes it, or call response()->json($payload, 201) when you need a specific status.

Question 25

What is an Eloquent API resource?

Accepted Answer

A class that transforms a model into an array for a JSON response, giving one place to decide the shape of the payload.

Question 26

What should a controller return after a successful form post?

Accepted Answer

A redirect, not a rendered page, so a browser refresh does not resubmit the form. Flash a message onto the session on the way.

Question 27

How do you send the user back with their input?

Accepted Answer

Return back() and chain withInput() and withErrors() so the form can be redrawn with the old values.

Question 28

How does a controller receive its dependencies?

Accepted Answer

Type-hint them in the constructor or in the action method; the service container resolves and passes them automatically.

Question 29

How do you handle a file upload?

Accepted Answer

Validate it, then call store() on the uploaded file with a directory and a disk; Laravel generates a unique name and returns the stored path.

Question 30

How do you send a 404 from inside a controller?

Accepted Answer

Call abort(404), or use findOrFail() and let the ModelNotFoundException be converted for you.